Receiving damage

There are a number of steps involved in deciding whether damage sources such as attacks, spells and secondary damages hits or not and how much damage is done to the target.

Order of operations

The list below displays the order of operations when an attacker attempts to damage a defender:

1. Initial damage
   Damage sources have a base damage that can be increased by various stats. Stats are only applied once per calculation.
   1. Flat damage
   • Local modifiers apply to base damage on the relevant source, for example most modifiers on weapons.
   • Added damage to attacks or spells from equipment and support gems.
   2. Damage conversion
   • Added as modifiers adds a percentage of one damage type as another damage type, for example Gain #% of Physical Damage as Extra Cold Damage during effect or You and nearby allies add #% of your Physical Damage as Cold Damage.
   • Converted to modifiers changes one type of damage into another, for example #% of Cold Damage Converted to Fire Damage.
   3. Global modifiers
   • All increased and reduced modifiers are additive.
   • All more and less modifiers are multiplicative.
   Converted damage can take benefit of bonuses for the damage type it was before and what it converted into.
   4. Critical strike roll
   Hits can be rolled as a critical strike which multiplies the damage by 150% by default.
2. Preventing the hit:
   1. Evasion of attacks.
   2. Dodge and Spell dodge.
3. Damage shift:
   Incoming damage can be shifted to another damage type. It is usually done by utilizing an item which offers the #% of X Damage taken as Y modifier, for example:
   • Lightning CoilLightning Coil
     Desert BrigandineArmour: (714-992)
     Evasion: (714-992)
     Movement Speed: -3%Requires Level 60, 96 Str, 96 DexAdds 1 to (20-30) Lightning Damage to Attacks
     (90-120)% increased Armour and Evasion
     +(60-80) to maximum Life
     -60% to Lightning Resistance
     50% of Physical Damage from Hits taken as Lightning Damage"There's nothing like imminent death
     to galvanize one's purpose in life."
     - Malachai the Soulless.
   • Cloak of FlameCloak of Flame
     Scholar's RobeEnergy Shield: (43-53)
     Movement Speed: -3%Requires Level 18, 55 Int+(50-75)% to Fire Resistance
     (40-75)% increased Ignite Duration on Enemies
     Reflects 100 Fire Damage to Melee Attackers
     40% of Physical Damage taken as Fire DamageHe who sows an ember shall reap an inferno.
   • Incandescent HeartIncandescent Heart
     Saintly ChainmailArmour: (1283-1567)
     Energy Shield: (307-374)
     Movement Speed: -5%Requires Level 70, 99 Str, 115 Int(220-240)% increased Armour and Energy Shield
     +(80-90) to maximum Life
     (0.8-1)% of Attack Damage Leeched as Life
     Gain (10-20)% of Elemental Damage as Extra Chaos Damage
     25% of Elemental Damage from Hits taken as Chaos Damage
     (20-30)% increased Light Radius
     Light Radius is based on Energy Shield instead of LifeOnly light may banish the shadows from this land
     And the black lies wrapped around your heart
   • Font of ThunderFont of Thunder
     Mirrored Spiked ShieldChance to Block: 26%
     Evasion: (755-1044)
     Energy Shield: (155-210)
     Movement Speed: -3%Requires Level 66, 85 Dex, 85 Int+5% chance to Suppress Spell Damage(400-500)% increased Evasion and Energy Shield
     (25-40)% increased Mana Regeneration Rate
     +50% chance to be Shocked
     40% of Cold Damage taken as Lightning Damage
     40% of Fire Damage taken as Lightning DamageThe lightning fears not the flame.
   It is important to note that this is not damage conversion, as shifted part of damage does not retain its original damage property so it won't get mitigated either twice or by the more favorable method. For example, if some of the incoming damage is shifted to or from physical, the after-shift value is used in the armour calculation.
4. Damage mitigation:
   • Damage can be avoided, for example with GlitterdiscGlitterdisc
     Burnished Spiked ShieldChance to Block: 26%
     Evasion: (136-175)
     Energy Shield: (72-110)
     Movement Speed: -3%Requires Level 27, 37 Dex, 37 Int+5% chance to Suppress Spell Damage(120-140)% increased Evasion and Energy Shield
     +(20-30) to maximum Energy Shield
     +(30-50) to maximum Life
     10% increased Rarity of Items found
     25% chance to Avoid Fire Damage from Hits
     You always Ignite while BurningIzaro's insistence on using lava
     resulted in some surprising material discoveries.. Avoiding damage stops the damage of a hit. It still counts as a hit, even if it only is 0 damage.
   • Elemental and chaos damage is mitigated by its respective resistance.
   • Physical damage is mitigated by the sum of Physical Damage Reduction, up to its 90% cap, from:
     • Armour, granting a variable percentage based on the initial physical damage hit.
     • Endurance charges
     • #% additional Physical Damage Reduction modifiers
5. Damage taken:
   After damage mitigation, modifiers to damage taken are applied. Flat amounts are applied first, then the sum of all increases/reductions and lastly with more/less multipliers applied separately:

   Order	Modifier	Examples
   1	±# X Damage taken from Y	AshrendAshrend Buckskin TunicEvasion: (316-442) Movement Speed: -3%Requires Level 17, 53 Dex(80-100)% increased Evasion Rating +(40-50)% to Fire Resistance Cannot be Ignited (75-150)% increased Physical Damage with Ranged Weapons -(60-30) Physical Damage taken from Attack HitsThe blasted oak stands forever. BramblejackBramblejack Plate VestArmour: (19-27) Movement Speed: -3%+(30-60) to maximum Life -(15-10) Physical Damage taken from Attack Hits 1000% of Melee Physical Damage taken reflected to AttackerIt is safer to be feared than to be loved. AstramentisAstramentis Onyx AmuletRequires Level 20+(10-16) to all Attributes+(80-100) to all Attributes -4 Physical Damage taken from Attack HitsMindless rage will shake the world, Cunning lies will bend it. Reckless haste will break the world, And into darkness send it.
   2	#% increased/reduced X Damage taken	Shock VulnerabilityVulnerabilitySpell, AoE, Duration, Curse, Physical, Hex Level: (1-20) Cost: (16-33) Mana Cast Time: 0.50 sec AoE Radius: 22Requires Level 24Curse all targets in an area, causing them to take increased physical damage. Attacks against the cursed enemies have a chance to inflict bleeding.Base duration is (8.00-11.80) seconds +(0-1) metre to radius Cursed enemies take (15-30)% increased Physical Damage Attacks Hits against Cursed Enemies have 25% chance to inflict Bleeding Additional Effects From 1-20% Quality: (1-20)% increased Duration of Bleeding on Cursed EnemiesPlace into an item socket of the right colour to gain this skill. Right click to remove from a socket. AbyssusAbyssus Ezomyte BurgonetArmour: (692-838)Requires Level 60, 138 Str+(20-25) to all Attributes Adds 40 to 60 Physical Damage to Attacks +(100-125)% to Melee Critical Strike Multiplier (100-120)% increased Armour (40-50)% increased Physical Damage takenWhen you have slain all of your enemies, what is left to fear?
   3	#% more/less X Damage taken	Fortify Arctic ArmourArctic ArmourSpell, Duration, Cold Level: (1-20) Reservation: 25% Mana Cooldown Time: 1.00 sec Can Store 1 Use(s) Cast Time: InstantRequires Level 16Conjures an icy barrier that chills enemies when they hit you. You drop chilled ground while moving, and take less Fire and Physical damage while stationary.Base duration is (2.50-4.40) seconds Buff grants (11-21)% less Physical Damage taken from Hits while stationary Buff grants (11-20)% less Fire Damage taken from Hits while stationary Chill Enemy for 0.5 seconds when Hit, reducing their Action Speed by 30% Buff grants Immunity to Freeze Additional Effects From 1-20% Quality: (1-20)% increased Skill Effect DurationPlace into an item socket of the right colour to gain this skill. Right click to remove from a socket. KintsugiKintsugi Exquisite LeatherEvasion: (1548-2106) Movement Speed: -3%Requires Level 62, 170 Dex(120-160)% increased Evasion Rating +(30-50)% to Fire Resistance 35% less Damage taken if you have not been Hit Recently 100% increased Evasion Rating if you have been Hit RecentlyDo not hide your flaws, your cracks, mend them, and display them proudly. For it is these that set us apart. Infused Channelling SupportInfused Channelling SupportSupport, Channelling, Duration Icon: b Level: (1-20) Cost & Reservation Multiplier: 130%Requires Level 4Supports any channelling skill, protecting you from damage while you channel it. Cannot support skills used by totems. Cannot modify the skills of minions.Infusion lasts 6 seconds after you finish Channelling Gain Infusion after Channelling a Supported Skill for (1.6-1) second Supported Skills deal (15-24)% more Damage Infusion grants 10% more Damage of Types matching Supported Skill Gem's tags While Channelling a Supported Skill, take 8% less Damage from Hits of types matching the Skill Gem's Tags Additional Effects From 1-20% Quality: Gain Infusion after Channelling a Supported Skill for -(0.02-0.4) secondsThis is a Support Gem. It does not grant a bonus to your character, but to skills in sockets connected to it. Place into an item socket connected to a socket containing the Skill Gem you wish to augment. Right click to remove from a socket.

6. Suppressing and Blocking the damage:
   1. Spell Suppression.
   2. Block and Spell block.
7. Taking the final damage:
   1. Effects that change the damage to be taken from other objects 'before you', such as The Jinxed Juju.
   2. Effects that change the damage to be taken from other objects 'before your life or enegy shield', such as Frost Shield.
   3. Your Aegis (you can't have multiple aegises).
   4. Guard skill buffs.
   5. Ward takes the damage first if it's not broken (disabled), and is then broken for a duration.
   6. Non-chaos damage damages energy shield protecting life until it's depleted, by default.
   7. For Mind over Matter users, #% of the remaining damage is removed from mana. Mind over Matter only applies if the damage is affecting life.
   8. Chaos damage always bypasses energy shield. This applies regardless if energy shield is protecting life or mana.
8. Losing resources due to damage:
9. Life loss from damage that would reduce your life below 50% while affected by Petrified Blood is prevented and a portion of that life loss is applied over time.

Damage over Time generally follows the same principle, however this damage source doesn't hit which means that it ignores evasion, damage shifts, armour and other mechanics that requires a hit. Other sources of physical damage reduction will apply as usual though. As for damage taken step, modifiers that generally affect Damage taken or Damage taken from Damage over Time will apply, but Damage taken from Hits won't.

Unlucky

If a damage roll is unlucky, the damage calculation will be rolled twice and the lower value will be chosen. Rolls to crit/evade/dodge/block are unchanged and only happen once. This can effectively reduce damage by up to one third if the damage has a very low minimum, with the benefit decreasing rapidly: Damage with minimum at half the maximum will only be reduced by one ninth.